Your Shoes Free Essays

Mum, why gripe at something that you have caused yourself. Making this by needing me be the means by which your ideal youngster would be. All things considered, sad to report, I am not what you need me to be. We will compose a custom exposition test on Your Shoes or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now You have been focusing on yourself such a great amount throughout the years you have really overlooked what I am, ignoring all the terrible things I have done, rationalizing me. I am okay. Living how I need things to be, to do what I need, when I need. This is life, an actual existence that doesn't think about you in it by any means. I can act naturally, without being condemned. Having what I need, rather than somebody settling on decisions for me. In undeniable reality it helps me to remember the time you presented to me those terrible draperies, they simply represent to me, what you like, I despised them, and the hues, the style I simply observe your face on them thinking yes these are ideal for me. Truly not me, you, ideal for you. Simply ponder internally that we don't have similar preferences forever. You simply need to have everything going right. So you can make the family look great. So that at whatever point anyone comes round, they can remark on how, â€Å"you are the ideal family†. To make individuals desirous of what you need us to have, however we lack it. You simply need the family with a dedicated dad with a great job and pay, Perfect mother with a great job and who keeps the house clean and raises the kids to be respectful and acceptable mannered. With a youngster who gets along admirably at school, consistently gracious and avoids inconvenience, you would adore that. You have the dad and the mother the youngster is somewhat extraordinary, it is me and I am who I am, I don't put an upbeat face on worthy motivation you need me to and I will communicate me sentiments how I need to. I am taking care of myself okay I have work and individuals are approaching me with deference where I am presently, similar to a grown-up, how individuals ought to be at my age. I feel mindful currently, similar to I have a significance throughout everyday life. I am not into prostitution, and I can not trust you even battled that I would think about that way. Estimate you simply don't have any acquaintance with me that well. I have new companions now so I trust you are upbeat, what you have caused me to do, I have changed my way of life around. I am free now, and glad in the event that you saw me you would be pleased however I would prefer not to see you, you simply hurt me with deduction I am a disappointment constantly. Figuring I can do nothing and causing me to feel my life was useless? I smoked pot mum since you drove me to it, I was discouraged and required something to take my brain of things. Discouraged to know each time I return home I need to act like someone you need me to be. I have now turned my psyche to various things now. I lean toward more joyful things currently like associating without becoming inebriated and making a dolt out of myself. I favor my own space, with individuals that like the things I do. I share a level now with a young lady a couple of years more seasoned than me and she is getting me out, and acquainting me with her companions, which are for the most part beautiful real individuals. The time father considered me a skank was it, I realize he may have been vexed to discover his girl with condoms in her pack, however mum I had them to ensure me, so I couldn’t get pregnant or get illnesses, a stage that lone individuals that have developed would do, considering me a prostitute however he doesn't know cap he is discussing I have just at any point had intercourse with one, dislike I am going round laying down with anyone. The individual I engaged in sexual relations with also was my beau of a half year, we had something exceptional however I halted the relationship to proceed onward in life to escape from the hopelessness of living with you. You simply take the agony out on me since you think I will resemble my grandma, since that she preferred me superior to her own girl. She gave more consideration to me than you. You can not stand to think it however it is valid and your dad possibly paid enthusiasm into you when he discovered you had a cerebrum. I am figuring it more likely than not been hard for you yet you don't have to take the resentment out on me, making me into the individual that you simply needed to be the point at which you was in your youth. All the gatherings mum is the thing that a typical young person does and get alcoholic since then they begin to grow up more and understand this isn't the life for me and change. It’s a thing that everyone does at some phase in there life. Some would believe that you demonstration like a young person desirous of everything that is superior to you. I host understood every one of these gatherings aren’t what I need to do I am currently going to do a school course and study business considers. This is on the grounds that I need to accomplish something with my life and make a hit out of it in this way, on the off chance that we meet again you and father can be glad for what I have done. At that point on the off chance that we meet that day you will see I am diverse to you, I have various desire. I like different things than having a straightforward life, similar to you. I need to be somebody, and speak out for I need not simply kick back and think, things will be okay constantly in light of the fact that nothing will ever be great. The most effective method to refer to Your Shoes, Papers

Using Thin Layer Chromatography To Monitor Reactions Environmental Sciences Essay

Utilizing Thin Layer Chromatography To Monitor Reactions Environmental Sciences Essay Slender layer chromatography (TLC) is a valuable method for checking responses. It can likewise be utilized to decide the best possible dissolvable framework for performing divisions utilizing segment chromatography. TLC fixed stages are generally alumina or silica. They are polar for standard investigations or non-polar for turn around stage chromatography. The portable stage is a dissolvable whose extremity is picked by the individual directing the examination. In most research facility work standard stage silica plates are utilized. Various mixes will travel various separations up the plate contingent upon the extremity of the segments of the blend. The more polar mixes will be more pulled in to the polar silica gel and travel shorter separations on the plate. Mon-polar substances will invest more energy in the versatile stage and therefore will travel bigger separations on the plate. The proportion of the separation a compound ventures is known as the maintenance factor (Rf ) est eem. The maintenance factor, or Rf, is characterized as the separation went by the compound partitioned by the separation went by the dissolvable. For instance, if a compound voyages 2.1 cm and the dissolvable front ventures 2.8 cm, the Rf is 0.75: The Rf for a compound is a consistent starting with one examination then onto the next just if the chromatography conditions underneath are likewise steady: dissolvable framework adsorbent thickness of the adsorbent measure of material spotted temperature Since these variables are hard to keep steady from examination to explore, relative Rf esteems are commonly thought of. Relative Rf implies that the qualities are accounted for comparative with a norm, or it implies that you look at the Rf estimations of mixes run on a similar plate simultaneously. 1.1 Thin Layer Chromatography There have been a numbered of significant achievements in the advancement of chromatography over the most recent 100 years. Every one of these achievements has flagged the beginning of a significant part of chromatography. A few instances of these are; parcel chromatography (1941), gas chromatography (1951-1952), superior fluid chromatography (mid-1960s), slender electrophoresis (1980) and fine electrochromatography (past decade). In all the chromatographic methods referenced, partition is completed in a segment. In any case, it is likewise conceivable to do partitions on a planar surface. Two instances of this are paper chromatography (1944) and dainty layer chromatography (1937-1938). Slight layer chromatography (TLC) supplanted paper chromatography as the most well known, routine chromatographic procedure. TLC was first utilized in 1937 to 1938 by Nikolai A. Izmailov and Maria S. Shraiber at the Institute of Experimental Pharmacy of the State University of Kharkov. At the time Izmailov was the leader of the foundation and Shraiber was his alumni understudy. They were looking for a technique for the fast examination of galenic pharmaceutical arrangements (plant separates). As old style section chromatography would have taken an excessive amount of time they felt that if the retentive would be set up as a flimsy layer on a glass plate. They accepted that it would act like a section yet the portrayal time would be a lot shorter. They covered magnifying instrument slides with a suspension of different adsorbents (calcium, magnesium and aluminum oxides). They stored one drop of the example arrangement on this layer and included one drop of a similar dissolvable utilized in a section to create partition. The test was a triumph as the isolated example segments showed up as concentric rings th at fluoresced in different hues under an UV light. They demonstrated that the arrangement of the concentric diverse rings on the plate would have been indistinguishable from the succession of shaded rings acquired on a typical chromatographic section. They called this procedure spot chromatography and the outcome on the magnifying instrument slides ultrachromatograms. The paper on this analysis was distributed in a Russian pharmaceutical diary that was for all intents and purposes obscure outside the then Soviet Union. Its theoretical was remembered for a Russian audit diary and through it in concoction Abstracts. It was then perused by M. OL. Crowe of the New York State Department of Health. He at that point adjusted the method for his own utilization. Crowe arranged the adsorbent layer in a Petri dish, included a drop of the example arrangement in the inside and afterward included the creating dissolvable dropwise until adequate partition was acquired. In 1947 T.I. Williams depicted a further improvement of the technique for Izmailov and Shraiber in his course book on chromatography. He arranged the adsorbent-covered glass plates as a sandwich. The adsorbent layer was secured by 2 glass plates and had a little gap which the example drops could be applied through. Meinhard and Hall made the following significant advance in the improvement of TLC at the University of Wisconsin. They utilized corn starch, which went about as a fastener, to hold the covering on the glass plate and included a modest quantity of Celite powder to the adsorbent particles to improve the consistency of the layer. They called this surface chromatography. They utilized it to isolate inorganic particles. Present day TLC began 50 years back with the work Department of Agriculture Fruit and Vegetable research facility in Southern California. He researched the flavor segments of the juices of citrus organic products. Nonetheless, he expressed that enormous volumes must be prepared in light of the fact that the measure of flavor material was very little. Another issue was in finding a diagnostic technique for the examination of the juice condensed arrangement. He followed the technique for Meinhard and Hall that he read in Chemical Abstracts. Be that as it may, rather than including only a drop of the creating dissolvable he built up the plates as in paper chromatography. The plates were created in a shut chamber and one side was plunged into the dissolvable. The dissolvable at that point climbed through the plate by slender activity. It conveyed with it the example parts and they were isolated accordingly. The examinations completed were distributed and are viewed as the beginning of present day TLC. Egon Stahl was answerable for TLC turning into an all around acknowledged procedure. He was additionally the first to utilize the term dainty layer chromatography to portray the method. This decision of name was very quickly acknowledged. Stahl examined different basic oils and acquired great outcomes utilizing adsorbent-covered glass plates. Be that as it may, neither the strategy nor the adsorbent to be utilized had been upgraded. Additionally, the adsorbents must be changed and treated before they could be utilized for the covering of plates. Stahl began examining the operational parameters and the adsorbent arrangements. In the spring of 1958 his endeavors were satisfied as the fundamental essential instrumentation, made by Desaga and silica gel G as per Stahl for TLC, made by E. Merck were both presented at the worldwide Achema presentation of compound hardware in Frankfurt. Stahl additionally distributed an article illustrating the utilization of the framework and a wide scope of uses. On account of this normalized strategy TLC turned into a broadly utilized research facility method. He additionally proceeded to distribute a TLC handbook in 1962. In spite of the fact that TLC had a wide application it was still idea to be a subjective procedure for the examination of straightforward blends. Therefore propels were coordinated toward improving the strategy. Instrumentation which allowed progressively exact spotting of the example onto the plates and the quantitative assessment of the isolated spots was created. Quicker investigation and higher detachment power was additionally accomplished. Because of the better capacity the name was change to elite TLC (HPTLC) by R.E. Kaiser, who was instrumental in its turn of events. The molecule size and scope of the adsorbent was the principle distinction among TLC and HPTLC. The silica gel for TLC had wide molecule sizes of 10-60â µm with a normal of 20â µm though HPTLC has a normal of just 5â µm. the HPTLC plates were additionally littler in examination with TLC plates, 10 x 10cm and 20 x 20cm separately. The improved strategy and configuration permitted decrease in the distance across of the beginning spots. These enhancements brought down the examination time and expanded the productivity. Issues emerged with stream rate which Kaiser defeated by applying strain to the TLC plate. This thusly prompted constrained stream TLC. Because of the steady buildup vanishing process related with creating TLC plates in creating chambers issues can be experienced in light of the changing speed of the versatile stage. To conquer this constrained stream TLC (FFTLC) was created by Tyihã ¡k, Mincsovics and Kalã ¡sz. In this strategy the spotted plates (dry) are put into a pressurized advancement chamber. The fixed stage layer is firmly secured and fixed on its side by a flexible film and pressurized by a latent gas or water topping off the pad over the layer. The portable stage is conveyed by means of a siphon at a consistent speed through a cut in the layer to the fixed stage. There are different arrangements which can be dealt with utilizing this strategy. TLC is a basic procedure. Accordingly next to no instrumentation is required. Utilization of tests to the fixed eliminate is conveyed utilizing a micropipette or syringe. The creating chambers are basic glass structures. Recognition is done by visual assessment or made noticeable by splashing the plate with reagent. Likewise, a wide assortment of precoated plates are accessible so covering hardware isnt required. In further developed frameworks the examples might be spotted via robotized stacking gadgets (dosimeters). This permits the utilization of little and uniform example spots. Progressively advanced creating chambers are additionally accessible (FFTLC). The plates can be checked by densitometers and quantitatively dissected utilizing absorbance or fluorescence estimations. Chromatograms with pinnacles of the individual isolated spots recorded

Writing Essay Topics - Using Your Imagination

Writing Essay Topics - Using Your ImaginationFor some students, preparing for the free writing essay topic is an entire exercise in itself. While the free writing essay topics can be used as guideposts, they should be used with a little more caution. Following these tips will help you come up with great essays and let you enjoy the experience.The first thing you should do before you start working on writing essay topics is to review what you have already learned. You may have learned something new about the subject or maybe you have heard something different from others. By reading the advice of others, you can avoid confusion, and you can make sure that you can come up with something that fits the topic that you are about to write.Free writing essay topics are not the same as a homework assignment. When you read other essays, it is important to take note of the tone of each. By noting the tone of the essay, you can determine how serious the writer wants to make the essay. In additio n, you can find out if the essay is about your personal opinion or if it is supposed to be academic.One way to make sure that the essay is serious is to know where the essay is heading. If the writer knows what they want to say, they will be able to express it more clearly. If they are uncertain, they will either miss the mark entirely or go off the track in a way that will be difficult to correct. Although you should be certain that you are heading in the direction that you want to, you must admit that it will take some time for you to find it. You should not worry if you have questions about where the essay is headed because you can look at it again at a later date.Do not be afraid to ask others for their opinions on the topic. This can be a great way to find new topics for your essay. You can listen to people, especially those who are more knowledgeable than you are, and make sure that you do not forget that you are going to take their advice into consideration. Because they are experts in their field, they may be able to tell you where you are going wrong, where you need to give more focus, or what steps you need to take in order to make your essay more accurate. Plus, if you do not ask for their input, you can end up completely missing out on the many ideas that they have that will help you out.The next tip that you can use is to make sure that you use your imagination when you prepare for writing free essay topics. You should consider that this will be a writing exercise and not a job. You should not let it consume you, but you should allow yourself to get excited about the experience.Some new writers feel the need to research the subjects of their topics before they start writing them. However, this can be an important part of the process because it helps you keep up with the fast-paced changes that the subject is experiencing. You should consider that the topic you write should be unique to you, and therefore, you should consider going into detail abou t the subject that is interesting to you.Finally, when you prepare for essay topics, you should remember that the process is not about you. If you spend so much time worrying about what the topic will be about, you are only putting yourself in a position where you will struggle with the essay more than you already do. The best part about writing essays is that you do not have to deal with the results until the end of the semester or until your final grade comes in. You should not worry about what other people think, because you do not have to deal with their feelings once the essay is complete.

How to Grow Blue Copper Sulfate Crystals

Copper sulfate crystals are among the easiest and most beautiful crystals that you can grow. The brilliant blue crystals can be grown relatively quickly and can become quite large.   Copper Sulfate Tips Safety Copper sulfate is harmful if swallowed and can irritate skin and mucous membranes. In case of contact, rinse skin with water. If swallowed, give water and call a physician.Even a small increase in the temperature of the water will greatly affect the amount of copper sulfate (CuS04  . 5H20) that will dissolve.Copper sulfate pentahydrate crystals contain water, so if you want to store your finished crystal, keep it in a sealed container. Otherwise, water will evaporate from the crystals, leaving them dull and powdery from efflorescence. The gray or greenish powder is the anhydrous form of copper sulfate.Copper sulfate is used in copper plating, blood tests for anemia, in algicides and fungicides, in textile manufacturing, and as a desiccant. Copper Sulfate Crystal Materials Copper sulfateWaterJar Make a Saturated Copper Sulfate Solution Stir copper sulfate into very hot water until no more will dissolve. You can just pour the solution into a jar and wait a few days for crystals to grow, but if you grow a seed crystal, you can get much larger and better-shaped crystals. Grow a Seed Crystal Pour a little of the saturated copper sulfate solution into a saucer or shallow dish. Allow it to sit in an undisturbed location for several hours or overnight. Select the best crystal as your seed for growing a large crystal. Scrape the crystal off of the container and tie it to a length of nylon fishing line. Growing a Large Crystal Suspend the seed crystal in a clean jar that you have filled with the solution you made earlier. Dont allow any undissolved copper sulfate to spill into the jar. Dont let the seed crystal touch the sides or bottom of the jar.Place the jar in a location where it wont be disturbed. You can set a coffee filter or paper towel over the top of the container, but allow air circulation so that the liquid can evaporate.Check the growth of your crystal each day. If you see crystals starting to grow on the bottom, sides, or top of the container then remove the seed crystal and suspend it in a clean jar. Pour the solution into this jar. You dont want extra crystals growing because they will compete with your crystal and will slow its growth.When you are pleased with your crystal, you can remove it from the solution and allow it to dry.

Boy by Taika Waitit - 1030 Words

Practice Common Assessment Task – ‘BOY’ Essay In order to prepare for the Common Assessment Task which is coming up we need to do the following preparation. In the following table list all the positive and all the negative parenting skills that Alamein exhibits. Positive Parenting | Negative parenting | * Drove them to the beach | * Swears in front of his kids | * Reflected on his wife’s death | * Encouraged Boy to bring him weed and smoked in front of him | * Apologised to boy for wearing his jacket | * Exploits Boy by making him dig for treasure | * Makes links with boys-little shogun | * Negative role-model | * Teaches him life lessons | * Smacked Boy for wearing his jacket | * Spends†¦show more content†¦Alamein isn’t a good parent in general, because he lacks pretty much every quality needed to be a good one. | Main Body 1TEEL | Alamein irresponsibility leads Boy to stray from his normal decisions in life, to Alamein decisions or intentions. This causes Alamein to be able to exploit Boy and use him and it also encourages Boy to do things Alamein likes and not what really Boy likes. | Main Body 2TEEL | Alamein’s carelessness caused Boy to get hurt emotionally, mentally and physically. Alamein uses Boy and yells at Boy many times especially when Boy took Alamein’s jacket. Boy was left shameful and confused, while Alamein simply didn’t care. He realised he made a mistake, but his sincerity is left to be questioned. | Main Body 3TEEL | Alamein looked like a good role-model, but when more times elapses, it shows that Alamein is immature and a negative role-model. Boy looked upto Alamein, which made Boy aspireto be like him until Boy realised that Alamein isn’t someone he wants to be like. Boy stood up to Alamein and questioned him, leaving Alamein in shock, thus apologising to Boy and trying to re-kindle their bond. | Conclusion | Alamein is a bad parent. He’s to careless, irresponsible and a negative role model, which a good parent would never be. | When writing an essay it is important to use the right vocabulary and interesting sentence structures. So here are

The Awakening, By Kate Chopin - 887 Words

Feminism has been a term used by many authors and writers for centuries, symbolizing women being able to use freedom the way they want to, not the way others want them to use it. Edna Pontellier, the main character in Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, experiences an â€Å"awakening† in her life, where she discovers her position in the universe and goes in this direction instead of what others like her husband Leonce tell her to take, similar to the style of feminism. â€Å"In short, Mrs. Pontellier was beginning to realize her position in the universe as a human being, and to recognize her relations as an individual to the world within and about her,† (pg. 14). Chopin’s novel, published in 1899, received criticism and controversy because of its fashion of how it pictured feminism, especially with Edna taking her own life after learning she has no purpose in the world and wishes to cease existing. The Awakening uses symbols to express feminism in Edna†™s eyes, such as birds, which represent Edna feeling caged in rather than being free, and the ocean, which depicts escape from reality, where Edna drowns herself. In the days of the late 1800s and the early 1900s, women started to acquire a taste for feminism. Just because the men said women were not able to be involved in business did not mean women could not do the same things the men could do, they wanted a chance to be equal to men. Leonce Pontellier says to his wife Edna that she cannot do the same things as him due to her being aShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1479 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin’s controversial novel, The Awakening, ignited turmoil because of her blatant disregard of the established 19th century perspective of women upholding strictly maternal and matrimonial responsibilities. Edna’s candid exploration of the restrictions on women through her liberal behavior in a conservative Victorian society makes her a literary symbol for feminist ideals. Despite denunciation from other people, Edna chooses individuality over conformity through her veering from traditionalRead MoreThe Awakening by Kate C hopin1102 Words   |  5 Pagesveracity of this quote as both find their independence by boldly exceeding the norm. Their stories were fashioned during a period of great change and both characters are hallmarks of the hope and power women were unearthing at the time. The Awakening by Kate Chopin and Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy are novels concerned with the transformation of women’s roles in society. Their protagonists, Tess and Edna, are not outright feminists, but they are acutely aware of the limitations imposed uponRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1919 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel, The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, we see how much of an importance the men in Edna’s life serve as a purpose to her awakening. Chopin is known to write stories about women who are unsatisfied with their lives while living in a life that is dominated by men. Other than Edna, the main men characters are typical men of the late 19th century era. Chopin shows how these three men are diverse from one another. The Creole men are Là ©once Pontellier, Edna’s husband, Robert, Edna’s mystery man numberRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin901 Words   |  4 Pagescandidly. Kate Chopin is honorably amongst this group of authors. Her works divinely portrayed the culture of New Orleans and the lives of Louisiana s Creole and Cajun residents. Chopin openly express her views on sex, marriage, and the injustices of women during the time. Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, best exemplifies the contextual achievement of realism through the rejection of conformity, the exploration of love, and the weight of social opinion on individual choices. The Awakening is publishedRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1222 Words   |  5 Pages The Awakening By: Kate Chopin Emely Maldonado AP LIT Period 3 Topic 3 Maldonado 1 Displacement The late 1800s and the 1900s was a prison for woman’s individuality. During this time period, stereotypical views of women were commenced by society and men. In the era that the novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin was published, the gender roles were graved in stone, men would work to maintain their family and women would adhere to the house-hold duties. Dissatisfaction with theRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1193 Words   |  5 PagesDavian Hart The Awakening By: Kate Chopin AP Literature Topic 3 Hart 1 Over the course of time the male species has always been the gender to attain the more favorable conditions. Numerous cultures heed to the belief that the man is the provider and head of his family. This machismo nature can condition the mind to believe that a man should feel superior to a woman. The continuous cycle of male superiority flows down from father to son subconsciously. Do to this unceasingRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1427 Words   |  6 Pagessuffering an imposition (Moderata). Throughout history, the inherent inferiority of women to men has often been cited as a way to deter women from becoming an individual and pursuing more in life. This notion is a prevalent issue in The Awakening by Kate Chopin; in which Edna fights to live her own way and is ultimately unable to survive in the cage of society. Not only has this supposed inferiority effected women for generations, but it has created inequality in our society today; especially inRead MoreThe Awakening By Ka te Chopin1633 Words   |  7 Pages1. Title of text (underline novels/plays) author’s name The Awakening by Kate Chopin 2. Characterization Character Development (a) 1.Edna Pontellier- Edna is the main character of the novel who is married to a businessman. Edna is a dynamic character because at the beginning of the novel, she conforms to society by being the â€Å"perfect† mother and wife; however, Edna suddenly realizes that she is no longer happy with the way she was living her life and began to become independent only for herRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin915 Words   |  4 PagesMany of Kate Chopin’s writings are trademarked by her unique, deliberate word choices. Chopin uses phrases that do not make sense and seem to contradict themselves to get across a point. In two of her stories, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening,† Chopin’s word usage highlights the idea of self-discovery. â€Å"The Awakening† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† share similar themes. â€Å"The Awakening† is the story of a woman in the late 1800s discovering her apathy for her traditional female role as a wifeRead MoreThe Awakening, by Kate Chopin785 Words   |  4 Pages The Awakening is set in 1899, a time when the Industrial Revolution and the womens movement were just beginning , conversely, still overshadowed by the attitudes of society in the 19th century. Kate Chopins idea that a woman’s needs were important was somewhat radical, especially since women were not considered to be independent, and women’s rights were still being fought for. Ednas major conflict is her need for independence and personal fulfillment while still trying to conform to her traditional

Descartes Essay Example For Students

Descartes Essay Descarte-A statement by the seventeenth-century French philosopher Rene Descartes I think; therefore I am was the end of the search Descartes conducted for a statement that could not be doubted. In the beginning, Descartes was in the process of figuring out his nature, using reasoning instead of experience. He had to start with a first premise which was indubitable. He found that I exist is something that is certain, and what follows must be certain as well. In the meditators search for certainty, he had to discard anything that was false or even open to the slightest doubt. He had to tear away all that was previously known to him, and with a new, stronger foundation, start anew. Descartes had conceded that he has no senses and no body. He also noted that the physical world does not exist, which might also seem to imply his nonexistence. Yet, to have these doubts, he must exist. He found that he could not doubt that he himself existed, as he was the one doing the doubting in the firs t place. For an evil demon to mislead him in all these insidious ways, he must exist in order to be misled. There must be an I that can doubt, be deceived, and so on. He then formulates the famous cogito argument, saying that he concludes the proposition I am, I exist is necessarily true whenever it is put forward by me or conceived in my mind. He then questions what the I that exists is. He first thought that he had a soul, by means of which he was nourished, moved, could sense and think; and also that he had a body. All these attributes can be doubted, except the fact that he thinks. He can exist if any of the other attributes are not there, but cannot exist if he does not think. Further, he states that he exists as long as he is thinking. The meditator then concludes that in the strict sense, he is only a thing that thinks. In this statement, the Meditator finds his first grip on certainty after the radical skepticism he posited in the first meditation.